Influence of systemic conditions on the incidence of periimplant pathology: a case-control study.

AIM: This case-control study aimed to investigate the effect of preexisting systemic conditions on the incidence of periimplant pathology (PIP). METHODS: One thousand three hundred fifty patients with dental implants were included (270 cases with PIP matched for age, gender, and time of follow-up with 1080 controls without PIP). The effect of the history of periodontitis (HP), smoking habits (SH), comorbidities, and history of chemotherapy or irradiation of the head and neck, was evaluated inferentially (chi, significance level of 5%). Crude odds ratios (OR) and attributable fraction (AF) were calculated for the variables identified as risk factors for PIP. RESULTS: The variables HP and SH were identified as risk factors for PIP (P < 0.001) with OR = 25 and OR = 2, respectively. The AF estimated a potential of 96% and 51% reduction in the probability of PIP in the cases if the exposures to HP and SH were removed, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients presenting a HP or SH had a higher probability of having PIP, whereas no significant differences were found between cases and controls for the presence of comorbidities or history of chemotherapy and irradiation of the head and neck. Through the AF, it was estimated that removing the exposure to HP and SH would result in a potential decline of at least half of the patients with PIP, which represents an important benefit for implant-supported rehabilitations.