The highly prevalent H3F3A mutation in giant cell tumours of bone is not shared by sporadic central giant cell lesion of the jaws.

OBJECTIVE: Central giant cell lesion (CGCL) and giant cell tumour (GCT) are bone lesions that share similar microscopic features. Recently, it was reported that 90% of bone GCT exhibit either p.Gly34 Trp or p.Gly34 Leu in H3F3A, one of two genes for histone H3.3 located on chromosome 1. We aimed to test whether sporadic CGCL of the jaws share the H3F3A mutations reported in GCT of other bones. METHODS: Nine samples of CGCL of the jaws were included in the study, and mutations were assessed by direct sequencing. RESULTS: None of the CGCL samples presented the recurrent p.Gly34 Trp or p.Gly34 Leu mutations in the H3F3A gene. CONCLUSION: On the basis of our findings, H3F3A p.Gly34 Trp or p.Gly34 Leu mutations are not a frequent event in CGCL. If these alterations are confirmed to be exclusive of GCT, the assessment of H3F3A mutations may help in the differential diagnosis of GCT and CGCL of the jaws.