The functional role of IKKalpha in vivo is pretty complicated, largely due to its diverse functions through cell autonomous and non-autonomous manners. In addition, most of the studies on IKKalpha were derived from animal models, whether these findings hold true in human tumors remain unclear. Here we examined the expression of IKKalpha in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which includes non-keratinizing carcinoma and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma with keratinization and non-keratinization. We demonstrated that IKKalpha expression was almost negative in keratinizing cancer and higher expression of IKKalpha was found in non-keratinizing cancer, and that IKKalpha expression correlated with cellular differentiation of tumors in non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. These findings demonstrate that IKKalpha is diversely expressed in keratinizing and non-keratinizing carcinomas in the same type of cancer.
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