Reduced expression of E-cadherin and p120-catenin and elevated expression of PLC-gamma1 and PIKE are associated with aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors. The cadherin/catenin cell-cell adhesion complex plays a major role in cancer development and progression. p120-catenin (p120) is a cytoplasmic molecule closely associated with E-cadherin which activates phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1). Our previous studies indicate that activation of PLC-gamma1 plays a critical role in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced migration and proliferation of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhancer (PIKE) is highly expressed in SCC cells and mediates EGFR-dependent SCC cell proliferation. Our current study was to determine whether the expression of E-cadherin, p120, PLC-gamma1, and PIKE, is associated with OSCC. To address this issue, we assessed levels and localization of E-cadherin, p120, PLC-gamma1, and PIKE in specimen of 92 patients with OSCC by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the expression of E-cadherin, and p120 negatively correlated with the tumor differentiation and the expression of PLC-gamma1 and PIKE positively correlated with the tumor differentiation. The expression of PLC-gamma1 and PIKE in OSCC stage T3 + T4 or in OSCC with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in OSCC stage T1 + T2 or in OSCC without lymph node metastasis. The expression of p120 positively correlated with levels of E-cadherin but negatively correlated with levels of PLC-gamma1 and PIKE in OSCC. These data indicate that increased expression of PLC-gamma1 and PIKE and decreased expression of E-cadherin and p120 are associated with the aggressiveness of OSCC.