Increased visfatin expression is associated with nuclear factor-kappa B and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in periodontal inflammation.

OBJECTIVE: Visfatin is an adipocytokine that plays a role in regulating periodontal inflammation by as yet identified mechanisms. It has been suggested that visfatin mediates inflammation via activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k) signaling pathways which play a role in the inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of visfatin, NF-kappaB (NF-kappaB(1) and NF-kappaB(2)), PI3k, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in the tissue of healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue biopsy samples were obtained from 21 patients with chronic periodontitis and from the gingiva of 19 healthy individuals undergoing crown lengthening. The mRNA expression levels of visfatin, NF-kappaB, PI3k, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Also, visfatin protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Both qPCR and immunohistochemistry results revealed that the visfatin expression was higher in the tissues with periodontitis than in healthy tissues (P < 0.01). Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of NF-kappaB(2), PI3k, and IL-1beta were higher in tissues with periodontitis than in healthy gingival tissues (P < 0.01). Visfatin was positively correlated with the levels of NF-kappaB(1) (r = 0.549, P < 0.05), NF-kappaB(2) (r = 0.636, P < 0.05), PI3k (r = 0.682, P < 0.01), TNF-alpha (r = 0.558, P < 0.05), and IL-1beta (r = 0.686, P < 0.01) in the tissues with periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that increased visfatin was associated with the expression of NF-kappaB and PI3k which may play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. We suggest that increased visfatin may contribute to the inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis via the NF-kappaB and PI3k signaling pathways. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding the role of visfatin in periodontitis will enable the development of new treatment methods for inflammation.