Local injection of carrageenan accelerates orthodontic tooth movement: A preliminary experimental animal study.

BACKGROUND: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) can be accelerated by increasing bone turnover. Carrageenan is a common food additive, which can induce inflammation. Hence, it might accelerate OTM. However, it has not been investigated to date. METHODS: This 2-phase preliminary animal experimental study was conducted on 28 Wistar rats. A pilot study on 5 mice was done to estimate the experimental dose of carrageenan. The first phase evaluated the effect of a 40muL carrageenan 1% injection on inflammation status in 7 rats versus 7 control rats, 6hours after the injection. The second phase examined the effect of the same dose of carrageenan on OTM speed during 21 days of incisor retraction in rat, in two groups: control (normal saline) and carrageenan (n=7x2). This sample size was pre-determined based on a priori power calculations. In phase II, osteoclastic activity was also evaluated, 21 days after the injection. The groups were compared statistically (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: Six hours after carrageenan injection, 1, 3, and 3 rats had inflammation scores of 3 to 1, respectively. Six hours after saline injection, 1 rat had a score of 1 and the remainder had no inflammation (P=0.0023, Mann-Whitney). Twenty-one days after saline and carrageenan injection, OTMs were 0.7+/-0.3 and 1.1+/-0.4mm, respectively, (P=0.053, Mann-Whitney). Twenty-one days after saline and carrageenan injection, mean osteoclast counts were, respectively, 4.87+/-1.849 and 7.143+/-1.727 per field (P=0.025, Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSION: Local injection of carrageenan can induce inflammation after 6hours. It can increase approximately 1.6-fold the speed of OTM, and increase the osteoclast count 1.5-fold after 21 days of space closure.