Cytotoxicity of novel fluoride solutions and their influence on mineral loss from enamel exposed to a Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and in vitro influence of new fluoridated nanocomplexes on dental demineralization. DESIGN: The nanocomplexes hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin with 1% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)) and gamma-cyclodextrin with TiF(4) were compared to a positive control (TiF(4)), a blank control (without treatment) and negative controls (hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin, deionized water), following 12- and 72-hour complexation periods. The cytotoxicity was assessed using the neutral red dye uptake assay at T1-15 min, T2-30 min and T3-24 h. A minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) was performed. Enamel blocks were exposed to an S. mutans biofilm, and the percentage of surface microhardness loss was obtained. Biocompatibility and microhardness data were analysed using ANOVA/Tukey tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: At T1, the cell viability results of the nanocomplexes were similar to that of the blank control. At T2 and T3, the 72 h nanocomplexes demonstrated cell viability results similar to that of the blank, while the 12 h solutions showed results different from that of the blank (p < 0.05). All fluoridated nanocompounds inhibited S. mutans (MBC = 0.25%), while the MBC of TiF(4) alone was 0.13%. All fluoridated compounds presented a percentage of surface microhardness loss lower than that of deionized water (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The new fluoridated nanocomplexes did not induce critical cytotoxic effects during the experimental periods, whilst they did show bactericidal potential against S. mutans and inhibited enamel mineral loss.