5-year outcomes after coverage of soft tissue dehiscence around single implants: A prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: To report the 5-year clinical and aesthetic outcomes of a novel surgical-prosthetic approach for the treatment of buccal soft tissue dehiscence around single dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with buccal soft tissues dehiscence around single implants in the aesthetic area were treated by removing the implant-supported crown, reducing the implant abutment, coronally advanced flap in combination with connective tissue graft and final restoration. After the first year, patients were recalled three times a year until the final clinical re-evaluation performed 5 years after the final prosthetic crown. Complications, bleeding on probing (BoP), peri-implant probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), keratinized tissue height (KTH), soft tissue coverage and thickness (STT), patient satisfaction (VAS) and aesthetic assessment (PES/WES) were evaluated 5 years after the final restoration. RESULTS: Of the 20 patients enrolled in the study, 19 completed the study at 5 years. A total of 99.2% mean soft tissue dehiscence coverage, with 79% of complete dehiscence coverage, was achieved at 5 years. A statistically significant increase in buccal soft tissue thickness (0.3 mm 0.1-0.4 P < 0.001) and keratinized tissue height (0.5 mm 0.0-1.0; P < 0.001) at 5 years with respect to 1 year was demonstrated. The patient aesthetic evaluation showed high VAS scores with no statistical difference between 1 year and 5 years (8.75 +/- 1.02 and 8.95 +/- 0.91 respectively). A statistical significant PES/WES score improvement was observed between baseline and 5 years (9.48 +/- 2.68; P < 0.001), but not between 1 and 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Successful aesthetic and soft tissue dehiscence coverage outcomes were well maintained at 5 years. The strict regimen of post-surgical control visits and the emphasis placed on the control of the toothbrushing technique could be critical for the successful long-term maintenance of soft tissue dehiscence coverage results.