Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a key proinflammatory cytokine in non-infective uveitis (NIU). Adalimumab, an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody, is approved for the treatment of severe NIU by the European Medicines Agency. There is a recognised risk of serious infections, including tuberculosis (TB), during anti-TNF-alpha therapy in systemic immune-mediated diseases. We describe miliary pulmonary TB during adalimumab therapy for severe NIU. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of this complication in a patient with uveitis. We present the challenges of managing vision-threatening uveitis during life-threatening infection necessitating withdrawal of adalimumab and oral immunosuppression therapy. Uveitis activity was controlled during anti-TB therapy with oral corticosteroid therapy.
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