Lactate Dehydrogenase and beta-Glucuronidase as Salivary Biochemical Markers of Periodontitis Among Smokers and Non-Smokers.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and beta-glucuronidase as salivary biomarkers of periodontitis among smokers and non-smokers. METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted at the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, between January and June 2017. A total of 200 participants were divided into four groups based on their periodontal and smoking statuses. Unstimulated mixed saliva samples were collected to estimate LDH and beta-glucuronidase levels. In addition, total protein was estimated using Lowry's method. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in enzyme activity in the periodontitis groups compared to the non-periodontitis groups (P <0.001). However, significantly lower enzyme activity was observed among smokers, irrespective of periodontal status (P <0.001). Nevertheless, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated the diagnostic potential of both enzymes to be fair-to-excellent. CONCLUSION: Although smoking was found to significantly alter enzyme activity, LDH and beta-glucuronidase were reliable salivary biomarkers of periodontitis among both smokers and non-smokers.