Immunophenotypic quantification of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization in radicular cysts of primary and permanent teeth.

AIM: To quantify M1 and M2 macrophages in radicular cysts of permanent (n = 14 cases) and primary teeth (n = 15 cases). METHODOLOGY: All patients who attended the School of Dentistry Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo with primary teeth or permanent molars that were scheduled for extraction and fulfilled the inclusion criteria: absence of pain; presence/absence of fistulae; extensive coronal destruction due to caries lesions without possibility of restoration; pulp necrosis; radiographically visible apical periodontitis; and no previous treatment, were selected. The radicular cysts were removed and subsequently submitted to histopathologic analysis in order to classify the type of inflammatory infiltrate. In addition, CD68 (M1+, M2+) and CD163 (M1-, M2+) markers were quantified through an immunohistochemistry analysis. The data acquired were submitted to a Mann-Whitney test, with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The patients had a mean age of 38.6 years and 5.9 years for cysts associated with permanent and primary teeth, respectively. In the histopathological analysis, no significant difference (P = 0.87) was found between radicular cysts in primary and permanent teeth regarding the intensity of the chronic inflammatory infiltrate. A significantly greater prevalence of M2 macrophages (P < 0.05) was observed in the lesions of both permanent and primary teeth, even though both M1 and M2 macrophages were detected. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found for M1 and M2 macrophages associated with the cysts of primary and permanent teeth. CONCLUSION: M1 and M2 macrophages were present in radicular cysts associated with primary and permanent teeth, with a greater quantity of M2 cells. The immunophenotypic quantification of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization in radicular cysts associated with primary and permanent teeth were similar.