The familial trend of the local inflammatory response in periodontal disease.

OBJECTIVES: The imbalanced host response in front of a dysbiotic biofilm is one of the major aspects of severe periodontitis, which also presents a strong familial aggregation related to the susceptibility factors transmission within family members. This study hypothesized that aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) patients and their descendants could present a similar trend of a local inflammatory response that is different from healthy controls. METHODS: Fifteen GAgP subjects and their children and fifteen healthy subjects and their children were clinically assessed, and the concentration of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was evaluated in the gingival fluid using the multiplexed bead immunoassay. RESULTS: Children from the GAgP group presented lower IL-10 and IFN-gamma subgingival concentration than Health children, despite no difference in the clinical parameters. GAgP parents showed a lower IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-6 than healthy subjects. IL-10/IL-1beta and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratios were reduced in GAgP dyads, suggesting a familial trend in the subgingival cytokine's profile. The cytokines correlated to the clinical data and were predictors of probing depth increase. CONCLUSION: GAgP parents and their children presented a similar cytokine profile and an imbalance in the subgingival response characterized by decreased IFN-gamma/IL-4 and IL10/IL-1beta ratios.