Biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy implants, untreated and non-surgically treated implants with peri-implantitis.

AIM: To compare biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of healthy implants with levels in PICF of implants with peri-implantitis (before and after non-surgical treatment). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were taken from 20 healthy implants (n = 17 patients) and from 20 implants with peri-implantitis (n = 19 patients) before and 3 months after non-surgical treatment using the Airflow Master Piezon((R)) (EMS). A Luminex assay was used to evaluate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and G-CSF, collagen degradation enzyme MMP-8, chemokines MCP-1 & MIP-1alpha/CCL3, bone markers OPG and sRANKL and interferon-gamma. Clinical and radiographical characteristics were assessed. A Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank test analysed between- and within-group differences. RESULTS: IL-1beta and MMP-8 levels were found significantly elevated in implants with peri-implantitis (p = .007; p = <.001, respectively). No difference in levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha/CCL3, OPG and G-CSF between healthy and diseased implants was found. Levels of sRANKL and INF-gamma were under the level of detection. None of the biomarker levels improved after non-surgical therapy, and levels of IL-1beta and MMP-8 remained high. CONCLUSION: Implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis have higher levels of IL-1beta and MMP-8 in PICF compared to healthy implants. Non-surgical therapy did not influence the inflammatory immune response.