Lingual Tonsillectomy: Successful Treatment of Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Cervical Adenitis Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis) syndrome is diagnosed clinically. Adult-onset PFAPA syndrome is rare and often has a more diverse clinical presentation that its childhood counterpart. This is the first reported case of adult-onset PFAPA syndrome with complete response to lingual tonsillectomy. CASE SUMMARY: A 41-year-old man was evaluated for periodic fevers associated with uvulitis, cervical lymphadenitis, pharyngitis, and lower extremity rash. He had a variable response to steroids and was intolerant of colchicine. Laboratory workup revealed intermittent elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level. Computed tomography neck and laryngoscopy confirmed adenoidal and lingual tonsillar hypertrophy. He underwent adenoidectomy and lingual tonsillectomy with resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertrophy of the remaining lymphoid structures within Waldeyer's ring may be associated with remote recurrence of PFAPA syndrome after tonsillectomy. Lingual tonsillectomy may be an alternative treatment strategy in select patients with PFAPA, prominent lingual hypertrophy, and incomplete response to steroids.