Periodontal diseases include a mild and reversible form named gingivitis (GI), and periodontitis (PD) that is the main cause of tooth loss in adults. GI, that affects gums and coronal junctional epithelium, as well as periodontitis, that is characterized by loss of connective tissue attachment, are caused by a persistent inflammatory response promoted by alteration of periodontal biofilm. The aim of the study was to test whether the prevalence of each species was associated with a particular clinical condition. Periodontal evaluation of 756 unrelated patients was performed by the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) system. Subgingival samples were obtained from the site with the worst PSR score. A selection of eleven bacterial species was evaluated by quantitative real time PCR. Quantitative and qualitative analyses help to better understand the microbial changes associated with different stages of periodontal disease.
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