The accuracy of a novel image-guided hybrid robotic system for dental implant placement: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: This in vitro study aims to evaluate the accuracy of dental implant placement by a novel image-guided hybrid robotic system for dental implant surgery (HRS-DIS). METHODS: The HRS-DIS with a 5 degree of freedom (DOF) serial manipulator and a 6 DOF Stewart platform was developed. To evaluate the accuracy of repeated drilling, the holes were prepared twice with a 2.2 mm drill. To evaluate the accuracy of dental implant placement, the entry, exit and angle deviations of dental implants were measured. RESULTS: Twenty-four holes were prepared twice, and mean (+/-SD) of diameters were measured as 2.2 +/- 0.02 mm. A total of 160 dental implants were placed in 32 phantoms by HRS-DIS. The mean (+/-SD) of the entry, exit and angle deviation were 0.8 +/- 0.54 mm, 0.87 +/- 0.54 mm and 1.0 1 +/- 0.44 degrees , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the in vitro study preliminarily validated that the HRS-DIS could provide a high accuracy for dental implant surgery.