New immunological aspects of peri-implantitis.

BACKGROUND: The authors compared the levels of HIF1-alpha, VEGF, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 in peri-implant crevicular fluid between patients with or without peri-implantitis. HIF-1alpha levels were significantly high in the peri-implantitis possibly due to hypoxia triggered by persistent inflammation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the levels of HIF1-alpha, VEGF, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 in the peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with and without peri-implantitis. METHODS: Forty patients, comprising 16 with and 24 without peri-implantitis were selected. RESULTS: Patients with peri-implantitis exhibited significantly higher HIF-1alpha levels than those without peri-implantitis (p=0.0005). TNF-alpha revealed significant positive correlations with IL-10 (p=0.0008) and VEGF (p=0.0246), whereas HIF-1alpha and IL-10 levels (p=0.0041) demonstrated a negative and significative correlation in the peri-implantitis group. CONCLUSION: This study, for the first time demonstrates the balance of HIF-1alpha, TNFalpha, IL-10, and VEGF in peri-implantitis. It shows an elevated HIF-1alpha levels in patients with peri-implantitis, which could have stemmed from persistent inflammation- triggered hypoxia. Furthermore, the positive correlation between TNF-alpha and VEGF suggests intensified proinflammatory activity in peri-implantitis. Nevertheless, further studies are essential to understand these immune dynamics in peri-implantitis. BACKGROUND: Higher levels of HIF-1alpha in patients with peri-implantitis occurred possibly due to persistent hypoxia triggered by inflammation. BACKGROUND: Tissue hypoxia in peri-implantitis induced increase in HIF-1alpha consequently increased VEGF and angiogenesis, contributing to the persistence of inflammation.