A Descriptive Review of the Healthcare System and the Provision of Oral Healthcare in the Republic of Sudan.

Oral health constitutes a significant public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa. The precise burden of oral diseases and the adequacy of oral healthcare provision remain often unknown. The present study aims to evaluate key components of the healthcare system in Sudan and the delivery of oral healthcare across eight dimensions: Healthcare System Framework, Financing, Service Delivery, Epidemiology, Prevention, Personnel, Dental Education and Training System, and Health Benefit Package. The evaluation of Sudan's healthcare system and oral healthcare provision utilizing the extended World Health Organization building blocks healthcare systems analysis framework. The evolving healthcare landscape in Sudan is characterized by a transition towards a Bismarckian model, a shift facilitated by the implementation of a National Health Insurance Fund. In 2018, Sudan's total healthcare expenditure surged to 2.4 billion US dollars and dental care accounted for less than 1% of this financial allocation. During the period spanning from 2016 to 2019, there was an expansion in the healthcare infrastructure and utilization rates. The number of healthcare facilities and hospital admissions respectively increased from 2,083 to 3,578 and from 14,967,113 to 22,455,772, while the registered number of dentists in 2019 reached 8,964. Within the framework of the national healthcare system, medical consultations and emergency treatments are encompassed in the oral health benefit package. Sudan's healthcare system grapples with endemic vulnerabilities compounded by recurrent political and economic challenges. Nevertheless, strides towards an insurance-based healthcare system and the upward trend observed in oral healthcare provision and infrastructure assets offer promising prospects for future generations.