Smartphone application-based augmented reality for pre-clinical dental implant placement training: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: Precise implant placement is essential for optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes. Digital technologies, such as computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS), have improved implant outcomes. However, conventional methods such as static and dynamic CAIS (dCAIS) require complex equipment. This study examined the usefulness of smartphone-based augmented reality (AR) for CAIS based on the value addition regarding angulation and positioning of pilot drillings and the potential for training dental students. METHODS: An in vitro model was created to mimic dental scenarios using three-dimensional datasets. Smartphone technology and AR application (app)-based intraoral tracking were used for dCAIS. The app allowed real-time visualization of implant planning, superimposition of three-dimensional models, and alignment of surgical instruments. Forty dental students performed four pilot drillings each; two were performed freehand, whereas two were performed using the app. The angulation and position of the prepared implant bed preparation were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Implant angulation was significantly better in the AR-guided group than in the unguided group; however, no significant difference was observed in the implant position. CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone-based AR techniques for dCAIS are easily accessible in dental implantology. This may be advantageous for training dental students and potentially improving clinical outcomes, particularly the angulation of dental implants.