Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation With Autogenous Bone Versus Bovine Bone Mineral Mixed With 25% Autogenous Bone: A 1-Year Multicenter, Split-Mouth, Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare autogenous bone (AB) harvested from the mandibular ramus or a mixture of bovine bone mineral (BBM) with 25% locally harvested autogenous bone chips from the maxilla for maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients requiring bilateral MSFA and implant placement were enrolled in this study. Maxillary sinuses were randomly assigned (1:1) to one of the two groups: MSFA + AB (AB group) or MSFA + AB + BBM (BBM group). AB was harvested from the mandible (AB group) or locally during MSFA (BBM group). Implants were placed after 4-6 months of healing and loaded 4-6 months later. Patients were examined at baseline (1 month post-loading) and 12 months post-loading. Outcome measures included clinician- and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty patients with 198 implants were included (AB = 99, BBM = 99). Twelve implants failed before loading (AB = 6, BBM = 6), and three failed post-loading (AB = 2, BBM = 1). Implant survival was 92.9% (AB group) and 93.9% (BBM group) at 12 months post-loading, with no significant differences between the groups (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.28-2.54; p = 0.770). Implant success was 98.8% (AB group) and 97.6% (BBM group), with no significant differences between the groups (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.03-8.05; p = 0.620). No significant differences in marginal bone loss or clinical parameters were found between groups (p > 0.05). Patient satisfaction significantly improved at follow-ups compared to screening (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Implants placed after MSFA with AB or BBM showed comparable results. This indicates that MSFA can be successfully performed without requiring AB from an additional donor site, potentially reducing patient morbidity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered in the Dutch Trial Register with number NL59578.078.16 on 09-05-2017. The study start date was on 21-08-2017.