Comparative analysis of the protective effects of fluoride compounds on dental erosion in mouse model.

BACKGROUND: Dental erosion development is affected by various factors such as types and amounts of acids, drinking habits and lifestyle choices. To prevent the onset and progression, identification of early erosive lesions as well as increased knowledge of the preventive treatment possibilities is of the importance. The aim of this study is to compare the protective effects of various fluoride compounds against dental erosion utilizing an established mouse model. METHODS: Three groups of ten young CD-1 mice were provided cola drink ad libitum during six weeks. Fluoride solutions containing metal components, TiF(4) (0.5 mol/l, pH 1.2, 9500 ppm F) and SnF(2) (0.5 mol/l, pH 2.6, 9500 ppm F), and a non-metal fluoride, NaF (0.5 mol/l, pH 8, 9500 ppm F) were applied to the molars under sedation twice a week. Additionally, one positive (acidic drink) and one negative (distilled water) control group were included. Mandibular molars were thereafter dissected and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The first molars were transversely ground, observed by SEM, and tooth height and dental hard tissue loss were measured. Further, pulp structure was described. RESULTS: The application of metal fluorides, TiF(4) and SnF(2), resulted in the formation of a protective coating layer on the molars. The overall protective effects of fluoride compounds on the development of dental erosion were evident in increasing succession from NaF, TiF(4) to SnF(2). Molars applied NaF showed a 6% reduction in tooth tissue loss compared to the untreated positive control molars. TiF(4) and SnF(2) treated molars continued to display decreased tooth tissue loss by 37% and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The metal fluorides offer superior protection against dental erosion compared to the traditional fluoride compound. The results particularly emphasize the protective effect of SnF(2), which was most effective in preserving enamel structure and minimizing dentin exposure. This suggests that SnF(2) could be an effective option for preventing dental erosions.