Is there a relationship between periodontal conditions and asprosin levels in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum?

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the presence of asprosin hormone in the biological fluids of patients with periodontal inflammation and compare it to those with periodontal healthy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five individuals between the ages of 18 to 45, 25 periodontal healthy, 25 with gingivitis, and 25 with periodontitis, were included in the study. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), blood serum and saliva were obtained from individuals in each group. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and asprosin levels in these fluids were determined using the ELISA. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded and body mass index was calculated. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were performed for statistical analysis. Spearman test was used to evaluate correlations. The significance level was determined as p < 0.05. RESULTS: Body mass index values were not different between the groups (p = 0.446). Clinical periodontal measurements were significantly higher in the periodontitis group. Concentrations of TNF-alpha in GCF, serum and saliva increased significantly in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis (p < 0.001). The higher TNF-alpha levels were obtained in patients with periodontitis than in individuals with gingivitis (p = 0.001). While asprosin levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis (p < 0.001), no significant difference was observed between both groups (p > 0.05). GCF-asprosin levels were positively correlated with the concentrations in serum and saliva in all individuals included in the study (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The periodontal inflammation caused an increase in asprosin hormone in gingival crevicular fluid independently of the type of periodontal disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered with number of "NCT06627972" in ClinicalTrials.gov website from the date of October 3, 2024.